,,MCAP
,M>YL& ,COMPREH5SIVE ,ASSESS;T ,PROGRAM



,GRADE #H ,SCI;E
,TE/ ,BOOKLET



,PRACTICE ,TE/ ,SPR+ #BJBE
,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL "<,,UEB">
) ,NEME? ,CODE



,,MDPT#BE,,SC#JH,V#B




,9 #B ,VOLUMES
,VOLUME #B
,BRL PAGES T#A-T#D & #A-#GD
,PR9T PAGES #DA-#HB                  T#A
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H

           ,,,SPECIAL SYMBOLS
            US$ 9 ? VOLUME,'

.= ,DOT LOCATOR = 8M5;N10 PLAC$ 2F EA*
  SYMBOL 9 A LI/
.=\O ,SIMPLE "R-PO9T+ >R[ "<EA/">
.=4 ,DOT
.=9 ,SUP]SCRIPT 9DICATOR
.=@.< ,OP5+ TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE 9DICATOR
.=@.> ,CLOS+ TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE 9DICATOR
.=^1 ,BOLD ^W 9DICATOR
.=^2 ,BOLD SYMBOL 9DICATOR
.=^7 ,BOLD PASSAGE 9DICATOR
.=^' ,BOLD T]M9ATOR
.=_% ,OP5+ ,NEME? ,CODE 9DICATOR
.=_: ,NEME? ,CODE T]M9ATOR "<,NEME?
  ,CODE SYMBOL">
.=_1 ,"UL9$ ^W 9DICATOR
.="< ,OP5+ P>5!SIS
.="> ,CLOS+ P>5!SIS
.=.< ,OP5+ SQU>E BRACKET
.=.7 ,ITALIC PASSAGE 9DICATOR
.=.> ,CLOS+ SQU>E BRACKET            T#B
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H
.=.' ,ITALIC T]M9ATOR
.=; ,GRADE #A SYMBOL 9DICATOR
.=,' ,CAPITALS T]M9ATOR
.=,' ,S+LE-^W SWIT* 9DICATOR "<,NEME?
  ,CODE SYMBOL">
.=,- ,DA%
.=,, ,CAPITALIZ$ ^W 9DICATOR
.=,,, ,CAPITALIZ$ PASSAGE 9DICATOR















                                     T#C
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H

        ,,TRANSCRIB]',S ,,NOTES

  ,"S ( ! PR9T TEXT IS RE^W$ = ! BRL
R1D]4
  ,:5 A KEY TO A GRAPHIC DOES N FIT ON !
SAME PAGE Z ! GRAPHIC1 ! KEY W 2 ON !
PAGE T FACES ! GRAPHIC4 ,! "Q AB !
GRAPHIC MAY AL 2 ON ! FAC+ PAGE ) ! KEY4
  ,? TE/ IS TRANSCRIB$ AC TO .7,! ,RULES
( ,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL1 ,SECOND ,$I;N1
#BJAC4.'
  ,? TE/ IS TRANSCRIB$ AC TO .7,BRL
,=MATS3 ,PR9CIPLES ( ,PR9T-TO-,BRL
,TRANSCRIP;N1 #BJAF4.'
  ,MA!MATICAL 3T5T IS TRANSCRIB$ AC TO
.7,! ,NEME? ,BRL ,CODE = ,MA!MATICS &
,SCI;E ,NOTA;N1 #BJBB4.'
  ,*EMI/RY 3T5T IS TRANSCRIB$ AC TO
.7,*EMICAL ,NOTA;N ,US+ ! ,NEME? ,BRL
,CODE1 #BJBC4.'
  ,ALL TACTILE GRAPHICS >E PREP>$ AC TO
! .7,GUIDEL9ES & ,/&>DS = ,TACTILE
,GRAPHICS1 #BJBB4.'                  T#D
                 ,,MCAP              #DA
          ,M>YL& ,COMPREH5SIVE
           ,ASSESS;T ,PROGRAM
            ,GRADE #H ,SCI;E
       ,PRACTICE ,TE/ ,SPR+ #BJBE

               ,SEC;N #C

    ,DIREC;NS = ,TE/-,TAK] & ,RECORD]3
  ,TD1 Y W TAKE ,SEC;N #C ( ! ,,MISA
,PRACTICE ,TE/4
  ,R1D EA* "Q4 ,!N1 FOLL[ ! DIREC;NS TO
ANSW] EA* "Q &1 IF APPROV$ = A RECORD]1
9DICATE YR ANSW] TO ! P]SON :O W RECORD
X ON AN ANSW] DOCU;T4 ,O!RWISE1 WRITE YR
ANSW] Z DIRECT$ BY YR TE/ ADM9I/RATOR4
,IF Y NE$ TO *ANGE AN ANSW]1 2 SURE TO
]ASE X COMPLETELY1 CROSS X \1 OR />T A
NEW L9E4
  ,"S ( ! "QS W ASK Y TO COMPOSE A
RESPONSE4 ,YR RESPONSE M/ 2 WRITT5 Z
DIRECT$ BY YR TE/ ADM9I/RATOR4
  ,IF Y D N "K ! ANSW] TO A "Q1 Y MAY G
ON TO ! NEXT "Q4 ,IF Y F9I% E>LY1 Y MAY
REVIEW YR ANSW]S & ANY "QS Y DID N    #A
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#DA
ANSW] 9 ? ,SEC;N ,,ONLY4 ,D N G TO ANY
O!R ,SEC;N ( ! TE/4





















                                      #B
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #DB

    ,R1D ALL ( ! 9=MA;N4 ,USE ! 9=MA;N
  TO ANSW] ! "QS4
  ,:ILE /UDY+ ! SOL> SY/EM1 /UD5TS
9VE/IGAT$ ! PHASES ( ! MOON4 ,!Y
DEVELOP$ A MODEL TO DEMON/RATE ! PHASES
( ! MOON4 ,9 ! MODEL1 A GOLF BALL
REPRES5T$ ! MOON1 A BASKETBALL REPRES5T$
,E>?1 & A LAMP REPRES5T$ ! SUN4 ,! GOLF
BALL 0 MOV$ 9 DI6]5T POSI;NS >.D !
BASKETBALL1 & ! /UD5TS OBS]V$ H[ ! %AD[
ON ! GOLF BALL *ANG$4 ,! /UD5TS US$ _!
OBS]VA;NS TO 3/RUCT ! FOLL[+ DIAGRAM4
      @.<,! FIGURE ON PAGE B#DB %[S A
    MODEL ( ! PHASES ( ! MOON4 ,! MODEL
    %[S ! SUN TO ! "R1 ,E>? TO ! LEFT1 &
    ! MOON AT EI<T 9T]VALS 9 XS ORBIT
    >.D ! E>? ) >R[S 9DICAT+ A
    C.T]CLOCKWISE PA? ( ! MOON >.D !
    ,E>?4 ,! FOLL[+ EI<T PHASES ( ! MOON
    >E %[N 9 ! MODEL4 "<,NOTE T
    DESCRIP;NS ( ! SUN LI<T+ POR;NS ( !
    MOON >E M1NT TO REF] ONLY TO ! LUN>
    HEMISP"H T FACES ,E>?1 R ?AN !    #C
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#DB
    MOON Z A :OLE4"> ,! F/ POSI;N ( !
    MOON IS AT #C O'CLOCK RELATIVE TO !
    E>? & IS DIRECTLY 2T ! E>? & ! SUN4
    ,! SECOND POSI;N ( ! MOON IS AT #A
    O'CLOCK RELATIVE TO ! E>?4 ,! ?IRD
    POSI;N %[S ! MOON AT #AB O'CLOCK
    RELATIVE TO ! E>?4 ,! F\R? POSI;N
    %[S ! MOON AT #AA O'CLOCK RELATIVE
    TO ! E>?4 ,! FIF? POSI;N IS AT #I
    O'CLOCK RELATIVE TO ! E>? & ! E>? IS
    DIRECTLY 2T ! SUN & ! MOON4 ,! SIX?
    POSI;N IS AT #G O'CLOCK RELATIVE TO
    ! E>?4 ,! SEV5? POSI;N IS AT #F
    O'CLOCK RELATIVE TO ! E>?4 ,! EI<?
    POSI;N IS AT #D O'CLOCK RELATIVE TO
    ! E>?4@.>







                                      #D
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #DC
  ,! /UD5TS !N RESE>*$ ! E6ECT ! SUN HAS
ON ,E>? AT DI6]5T "TS ( ! YE>4 ,! /UD5TS
DREW ! FOLL[+ DIAGRAMS %[+ ,E>? 9 F\R
DI6]5T LOCA;NS4
      @.<,! FIGURE ON ! NEXT TWO PAGES
    IS TITL$ 8,DIAGRAM ( ,S1SONS10 & X
    %[S DIAGRAMS ( ,E>? 9 F\R LOCA;NS 9
    XS ORBIT >.D ! SUN %[N BY A CIRCUL>
    L9E ALL ! WAY >.D ! SUN4 ,9 EA*
    DIAGRAM1 ! AXIS ( ,E>? IS %[N TILT$
    TO ! "R4 ,LOCA;N #A %[S ,E>? TO ! "R
    ( ! SUN4 ,LOCA;N #B %[S ,E>? 2H !
    SUN4 ,LOCA;N #C %[S ,E>? TO ! LEFT (
    ! SUN4 ,LOCA;N #D %[S ,E>? 9 FRONT (
    ! SUN4@.>








                                      #F
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #DD
  ,! /UD5TS 3T9U$ TO RESE>* FACTS AB
,E>? & O!R CELE/IAL OBJECTS 9 ! SOL>
SY/EM4 ,! /UD5TS 3/RUCT$ A TABLE TO
4PLAY ! DATA4
-------------------------------------#DE
      @.<,! FIGURE IS TITL$ 8,SUN &
    ,PLANET ,DATA0 & %[S A TABLE ) #E
    COLUMNS & #I R[S ( DATA4 ,! H1D+ (
    COLUMN #A IS ,OBJECT4 ,! H1D+ (
    COLUMN #B IS ,ACTUAL ,DIAMET]
    "<KM">4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #C IS ,4T.E
    F ,SUN _% (,EARTH .K #1) _:4 ,! H1D+
    ( COLUMN #D IS ,RELATIVE ,MASS
    _% (,EARTH .K #1) _:4 ,! H1D+ (
    COLUMN #E IS ,AV]AGE ,D5S;Y
    _% (;G_/CM^3") _:4@.>

         ,,,SUN & PLANET DATA,'
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
      @.<,PR9T =MAT IS *ANG$4 ,R[ H1D+S
    >E BLOCK$ 9 CELL #E2 COLUMN H1D+S
    2G9 9 CELL #A4 ,ALL H1D+S >E REP1T$
    = CL>;Y4 ,A COLON SEP>ATES H1D+S F
    TABLE 5TRIES4@.>                  #I
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#DE

    ,OBJECT3 ,SUN
,ACTUAL ,DIAMET] "<KM">3 #A1CIA1IJJ
,4T.E F ,SUN _% (,EARTH .K #1) _:3 ,-
,RELATIVE ,MASS _% (,EARTH .K #1) _:3 ,-
,AV]AGE ,D5S;Y _% (;G_/CM^3") _:3 ,-

    ,OBJECT3 ,M]CURY
,ACTUAL ,DIAMET] "<KM">3 #D1HGH
,4T.E F ,SUN _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #0.39 _:
,RELATIVE ,MASS _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #0.06 _:
,AV]AGE ,D5S;Y _% (;G_/CM^3")_3 #5.4 _:

    ,OBJECT3 ,V5US
,ACTUAL ,DIAMET] "<KM">3 #AB1AJD
,4T.E F ,SUN _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #0.72 _:
,RELATIVE ,MASS _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #0.82 _:
,AV]AGE ,D5S;Y _% (;G_/CM^3")_3 #5.2 _:

                                     #AJ
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        B#DE

    ,OBJECT3 ,E>?
,ACTUAL ,DIAMET] "<KM">3 #AB1GEF
,4T.E F ,SUN _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #1.00 _:
,RELATIVE ,MASS _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #1.00 _:
,AV]AGE ,D5S;Y _% (;G_/CM^3")_3 #5.5 _:

    ,OBJECT3 ,M>S
,ACTUAL ,DIAMET] "<KM">3 #F1GID
,4T.E F ,SUN _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #1.52 _:
,RELATIVE ,MASS _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #0.11 _:
,AV]AGE ,D5S;Y _% (;G_/CM^3")_3 #3.9 _:







                                     #AA
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        C#DE

    ,OBJECT3 ,JUPIT]
,ACTUAL ,DIAMET] "<KM">3 #ADC1HHD
,4T.E F ,SUN _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #5.20 _:
,RELATIVE ,MASS _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #317.87 _:
,AV]AGE ,D5S;Y _% (;G_/CM^3")_3 #1.3 _:

    ,OBJECT3 ,SATURN
,ACTUAL ,DIAMET] "<KM">3 #ABJ1ECF
,4T.E F ,SUN _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #9.54 _:
,RELATIVE ,MASS _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #95.14 _:
,AV]AGE ,D5S;Y _% (;G_/CM^3")_3 #0.7 _:

    ,OBJECT3 ,URANUS
,ACTUAL ,DIAMET] "<KM">3 #EA1AAH
,4T.E F ,SUN _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3 #19.18
,RELATIVE ,MASS (,EARTH .K #1)_3 #14.54
,AVERAGE ,DENSITY (;G_/CM^3")_3 #1.3 _:

                                     #AB
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        D#DE

    ,OBJECT3 ,NEPTUNE
,ACTUAL ,DIAMET] "<KM">3 #DI1EBH
,4T.E F ,SUN _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #30.06 _:
,RELATIVE ,MASS _% (,EARTH .K #1)_3
  #17.08 _:
,AV]AGE ,D5S;Y _% (;G_/CM^3")_3 #1.6 _:
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
-------------------------------------#DF

  ^7,"Q #A REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,! /UD5TS 7 ASK$ TO PR$ICT :AT WD
HAPP5 IF ! GRAVITA;NAL PULL ( ,E>?
DIM9I%$4

#A4 ,USE ! /UD5TS' MODEL TO ID5TIFY !
    _1MO/ _1LIKELY MO;N ( ! MOON IF !
    GRAVITA;NAL PULL ( ,E>? DIM9I%ES4
      @.<,EA* ( ! F\R ANSW] *OICES1
    ,A-;,D1 ON PAGE A#DF IS A FIGURE4@.>


                                     #AC
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #DG
  ^7,"Q #B REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,A /UD5T EXT5D$ ! MOON PHASE ACTIV;Y
BY PLAC+ ! GOLF BALL & BASKETBALL 9TO !
POSI;NS ! OBJECTS WD O3UPY DUR+ A SOL>
ECLIPSE4 ,! /UD5T'S OBS]VA;NS >E %[N 9 !
FOLL[+ DIAGRAM4
      @.<,! FIGURE ON ! NEXT PAGE %[S A
    DIAGRAM TITL$ 8,DIAGRAM ( ,SOL>
    ,ECLIPSE40 ,! MOON IS POSI;N$ 2T
    ,E>? & ! SUN S* T ! MOON'S %AD[
    FALLS ON ,E>? 9 A REGION WE/ ( ,S\?
    ,AM]ICA4@.>











                                     #AE
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        B#DG
  ,Z "P ( ! MOON PHASE 9VE/IGA;N1 !
/UD5TS MADE PR$IC;NS AB ! POSI;NS (
,E>?1 ! MOON1 & ! SUN DUR+ A SOL>
ECLIPSE4

#B4 ,: PR$IC;NS WD ! /UD5TS _1MO/
    _1LIKELY MAKE AB A SOL> ECLIPSE8
      ,SELECT _1TWO4
  ,A4 ,A SOL> ECLIPSE O3URS ONCE A MON?4
  ;,B4 ,A SOL> ECLIPSE A6ECTS ONLY >1S
    NE> ! EQUATOR4
  ;,C4 ,A SOL> ECLIPSE IS ONLY VISIBLE 9
    C]TA9 >1S ON ,E>?4
  ;,D4 ,A SOL> ECLIPSE IS CAUS$ BY !
    MOON BLOCK+ SUNLI<T4
  ;,E4 ,A SOL> ECLIPSE O3URS :5 ,E>? IS
    2T ! SUN & ! MOON4






                                     #AG
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #DH
#C4 ,: S1SON IS O3URR+ 9 ,M>YL& :5 ,E>?
    IS AT ,LOCA;N #A 9 ! ,DIAGRAM (
    ,S1SONS8
  ,A4 FALL
  ;,B4 W9T]
  ;,C4 SPR+
  ;,D4 SUMM]

  ^7,"Q #D REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,:5 ! /UD5TS RESE>*$ ! PLANETS 9 !
SOL> SY/EM1 "O /UD5T LE>N$ T ,JUPIT] HAS
#FG MOONS4

#D4 ,JUPIT] _1MO/ _1LIKELY HAS #FG MOONS
    2C ,JUPIT]
  ,A4 IS ! GASE\S PLANET CLOSE/ TO !
    SUN4
  ;,B4 IS ! L>GE/ CELE/IAL OBJECT 9 !
    SOL> SY/EM4
  ;,C4 HAS LESS D5S;Y & PRODUCES A W1K
    GRAVITA;NAL =CE4
  ;,D4 HAS A L>GE MASS T PRODUCES A /R;G
    GRAVITA;NAL =CE4
                                     #AH
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#DH
  ^7,"Q #E REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,! /UD5TS 3/RUCT$ ANO!R MODEL ( ! SOL>
SY/EM US+ R.D OBJECTS ( V>I\S SIZES4

#E4 ,IF ! /UD5TS *OSE A VOLLEYBALL1 : IS
    _% #25.6 _: C5TIMET]S 9 DIAMET]1 Z !
    SUN1 !N ! R.D OBJECT ! /UD5TS NE$ =
    ,E>? WD 2 APPROXIMATELY
  ,A4 HALF ! DIAMET] ( ! VOLLEYBALL4
  ;,B4 TWICE ! DIAMET] ( ! VOLLEYBALL4
  ;,C4 #AJJ "TS LESS ?AN ! DIAMET] ( !
    VOLLEYBALL4
  ;,D4 #AJJ "TS M ?AN ! DIAMET] ( !
    VOLLEYBALL4
-------------------------------------#DI
  ^7,"Q #F REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,AF ! /UD5TS 3/RUCT$ ! TABLE ( ! SUN &
PLANET DATA1 ! /UD5TS EXAM9$ ! 9=MA;N TO
COMP>E ! DI6];ES 2T ! 9N] PLANETS & !
\T] PLANETS4

#F4 ,USE EVID;E F ! DATA TABLES TO
  COMP>E ! 9N] & \T] PLANETS4
    ,9DICATE YR RESPONSE4            #AI
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #EJ

    ,R1D ALL ( ! 9=MA;N4 ,USE ! 9=MA;N
  TO ANSW] ! "QS4
  ,:ILE RESE>*+ 9=MA;N = A SCI;E
PROJECT1 S"EAL /UD5TS F.D A NEWS >TICLE
F ! ,NA;NAL ,A]ONAUTICS & ,SPACE
,ADM9I/RA;N "<,,NASA"> REG>D+ ! ,A/]OID
,R$IRECT ,MIS.N "<,,>M">4 ,! FOCUS ( ?
MIS.N IS TO DEVELOP A F/-"E ROBOTIC
MIS.N TO VISIT A L>GE NE>-,E>? A/]OID1
COLLECT A MULTI-TON B\LD] F XS SURFACE1
& R$IRECT ! B\LD] 9TO A /ABLE ORBIT >.D
! MOON4
  ,! /UD5TS 3T9U$ TO RESE>* ^! A/]OIDS &
F.D ! FOLL[+ DATA4

  _4 ,A/]OIDS >E PIECES ( ROCK OR METAL
    FLOAT+ "? SPACE4
  _4 ,9 \R SOL> SY/EM1 "! IS A L>GE
    3C5TRA;N ( A/]OIDS 9 ! A/]OID BELT1
    AN >EA 2T ,M>S & ,JUPIT]4
  _4 ,SCI5TI/S E/IMATE T MILLIONS (
    A/]OIDS >E F.D 9 ? >EA4
  _4 ,"S ( ^! A/]OIDS >E L>GE1 B     #BJ
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#EJ
    _M >E SMALL4
  _4 ,SCI5TI/S ?9K T _M A/]OIDS 7 =M$ BY
    COLLI.NS 2T O!R A/]OIDS1 MOONS1 &
    PLANETS4

-------------------------------------#EA
  ,! A/]OID BELT 9 \R SOL> SY/EM IS %[N
9 ! FOLL[+ DIAGRAM4
      @.<,! FIGURE ON ! NEXT PAGE %[S A
    DIAGRAM ( "P ( \R SOL> SY/EM4 ,! SUN
    IS AT ! C5T] ) #C PLANET>Y ORBITS
    %[N4 ,E>?1 ,M>S1 & ,JUPIT] >E LABEL$
    9 ! F/1 SECOND1 & ?IRD ORBITS F !
    SUN4 ,AN A/]OID BELT IS LABEL$ 2T !
    ORBITS ( ,M>S & ,JUPIT]1 ) MO/ ( !
    A/]OIDS CLU/]$ NE>] TO ! ORBIT (
    ,M>S ?AN TO ,JUPIT]4 ,A NOTE
    9DICATES ! FIGURE IS N DRAWN TO
    SCALE4@.>




                                     #BA
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        B#EA
  ,ADDI;NALLY1 ! RESE>* 9DICAT$ !
FOLL[+3

  _4 ,A/]OIDS 9 \R SOL> SY/EM ORBIT !
    SUN4
  _4 ,A/]OIDS C ORBIT A PLANET OR L>G]
    A/]OID4
  _4 ,SMALL] A/]OIDS D N H 5 GRAV;Y TO
    PULL !MVS 9TO A R.D %APE4
  _4 ,M MASSIVE A/]OIDS H A M CIRCUL>
    %APE4
  _4 ,X IS POSSIBLE = ! ORBITS ( A/]OIDS
    & PLANETS TO CROSS1 RESULT+ 9 ! *.E
    ( A COLLI.N4
  _4 ,SCI5TI/S H /UDI$ PA/ A/]OID
    COLLI.NS ) ,E>? & 3T9UE TO MONITOR !
    ORBITS ( A/]OIDS 9 \R SOL> SY/EM4






                                     #BC
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#EB
      @.<,! FIGURE %[S A TABLE TITL$
    8,A/]OIDS 9 ! ,A/]OID ,BELT0 ) #D
    COLUMNS & #H R[S ( DATA4 ,! H1D+ (
    COLUMN #A IS ,A/]OID ,NUMB]4 ,! H1D+
    ( COLUMN #B IS ,A/]OID ,"N4 ,! H1D+
    ( COLUMN #C IS ,DIAMET]
    "<KILOMET]S">4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #D
    IS ,MASS "<_% #10^15 _:
    KILOGRAMS">4@.>

      ,,,A/]OIDS 9 ! A/]OID BELT,'
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
      @.<,PR9T =MAT IS *ANG$4 ,R[ H1D+S
    >E BLOCK$ 9 CELL #E2 COLUMN H1D+S
    2G9 9 CELL #A4 ,ALL H1D+S >E REP1T$
    = CL>;Y4 ,A COLON SEP>ATES H1D+S F
    TABLE 5TRIES4@.>

    ,A/]OID ,NUMB]3 #C
,A/]OID ,"N3 ,JUNO
,DIAMET] "<KILOMET]S">3 #BCD
,MASS "<_% #10^15 _: KILOGRAMS">3
  #BJ1JJJ
                                     #BE
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        B#EB

    ,A/]OID ,NUMB]3 #D
,A/]OID ,"N3 ,VE/A
,DIAMET] "<KILOMET]S">3 #EFI
,MASS "<_% #10^15 _: KILOGRAMS">3
  #BEI1JJJ

    ,A/]OID ,NUMB]3 #DE
,A/]OID ,"N3 ,EUG5IA
,DIAMET] "<KILOMET]S">3 #BAE
,MASS "<_% #10^15 _: KILOGRAMS">3 #F1AJJ

    ,A/]OID ,NUMB]3 #BEC
,A/]OID ,"N3 ,MA?ILDE
,DIAMET] "<KILOMET]S">3 #FF
,MASS _% (10^15 KILOGRAMS)_3 #103.3 _:

    ,A/]OID ,NUMB]3 #IEA
,A/]OID ,"N3 ,GASPRA
,DIAMET] "<KILOMET]S">3 #AI
,MASS "<_% #10^15 _: KILOGRAMS">3 #AJ


                                     #BF
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        C#EB

    ,A/]OID ,NUMB]3 #DIGI
,A/]OID ,"N3 ,OTAW>A
,DIAMET] "<KILOMET]S">3 _% #5.5
,',MASS (10^15 KILOGRAMS)_3 #0.2 _:

    ,A/]OID ,NUMB]3 #FDHI
,A/]OID ,"N3 ,GOLEVKA
,DIAMET] "<KILOMET]S">3 _% #1.4
,',MASS (10^15 KILOGRAMS)_3 #0.00021 _:

    ,A/]OID ,NUMB]3 #BEADC
,A/]OID ,"N3 ,ITOKAWA
,DIAMET] "<KILOMET]S">3 _% #0.05
,',MASS (10^15 KILOGRAMS)_3 #0.000035 _:
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG







                                     #BG
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #EC

          ,A ,=CE ) ! ,P[] TO
            ,MOVE AN ,A/]OID

  ,CD A L>GE A/]OID HIT ,E>?8 ,SCI5TI/S
D N 2LIEVE T W HAPP5 ANY"T SOON1 B A NEW
4COV]Y W HELP !M 2 M C]TA94
  ,US+ P[];L RAD>1 SCI5TI/S TRACK$ ! PA?
( AN A/]OID "ND #FDHI ,GOLEVKA4
  ,MO/ A/]OIDS 9 \R SOL> SY/EM TRAVEL 2T
! ORBITS ( ,M>S & ,JUPIT]4 ,"S"TS AN
A/]OID W L1VE T PA? & MOVE CLOS] TO
,E>?4 ,GOLEVKA IS A NE>-,E>? A/]OID1 :
M1NS T X COMES )9 #ABA MILLION MILES
"<#AIE MILLION KILOMET]S"> ( ! SUN4
  ,US+ RAD>1 SCI5TI/S F.D T ,GOLEVKA'S
PA? MOV$ _% #9.4 _: MILES "<#AE
KILOMET]S"> 9 ! LA/ #AB YE>S4 ,T 4T.E
MAY SEEM SMALL COMP>$ ) ! BILLIONS (
MILES ! A/]OID TRAVEL$ DUR+ T "T1 B
,/EV5 ,*ESLEY1 A ,,NASA SCI5TI/ & L1D] (
A NEW A/]OID /UDY1 2LIEVES T ^? T5 MILES
>E IMPORTANT4
  8,OV] T5S ( MILLIONS ( YE>S T      #BH
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#EC
.<*ANGE.> C H A BIG E6ECT10 HE EXPLA9$4
  ,B :AT CAUS$ A/]OID ,GOLEVKA'S PA? TO
*ANGE8
  ,SCI5TI/S SAY T A =CE CALL$ !
,Y>KOVSKY E6ECT MOV$ ! A/]OID4 ,! E6ECT
HAPP5S :5 ! SUN H1TS "O "P ( AN A/]OID'S
SURFACE M ?AN O!R "PS4 ,! UNEV5 H1T+
CAUSES A =CE T PU%ES AN A/]OID \ ( XS
NORMAL PA?4
  8,WE M1SUR$ A =CE ( AB "O \NCE "<#BH
GRAMS;9#A"> ACT+ ON AN A/]OID T WEI<S
#DFJ BILLION P.DS "<#BJH BILLION
KILOGRAMS">0 ,*ESLEY EXPLA9$4 ,T M1NS T
A =CE EQUAL TO AB ! WEI<T ( A /RAWB]RY C
*ANGE ! C\RSE ( AN A/]OID T IS L;G] ?AN
FIVE FOOTBALL FIELDS6
  ,:ILE NO L>GE A/]OIDS APPE> ON TRACK
TO HIT ,E>?1 ! ,Y>KOVSKY E6ECT'S ABIL;Y
TO PR$ICT A/]OIDS' PA?S CD HELP SCI5TI/S
2 M C]TA9 & GIVE !M "S ( ! 9=MA;N NEC TO
/OP A COLLI.N4
"333333
;9#A^1#BH ^1GRAMS3 APPROXIMATELY
  _% #0.27 _: NEWTON                 #BI
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        B#EC
      8,A ,=CE ) ! ,P[] TO ,MOVE AN
      ,A/]OID0,- ,S>AH ,IVES1 ^C #BJJD1
      NA;NALGEOGRAPHIC4COM
-------------------------------------#ED

#G4 ,AF RESE>*+ ! ORBITS ( A/]OIDS 9 !
    SOL> SY/EM1 /UD5TS EXPLA9$ T 9 ORD]
    = A/]OIDS 9 ! A/]OID BELT TO REMA9 9
    ORBIT1
  ,A4 ,E>? M/ EX]T A /R;G GRAVITA;NAL
    =CE T[>D ! C5T] ( ! SOL> SY/EM4
  ;,B4 ! SUN M/ EX]T A /R;G GRAVITA;NAL
    =CE T[>D ! C5T] ( ! SOL> SY/EM4
  ;,C4 ,E>? M/ EX]T A /R;G GRAVITA;NAL
    =CE AWAY F ! C5T] ( ! SOL> SY/EM4
  ;,D4 ! SUN M/ EX]T A /R;G GRAVITA;NAL
    =CE AWAY F ! C5T] ( ! SOL> SY/EM4






                                     #CJ
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#ED
  ^7,"Q #H REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,! /UD5TS US$ EVID;E TO PRES5T AN
>GU;T T SCI5TI/S %D LAUN* AN UNMANN$
SPACECRAFT TO PREV5T A COLLI.N 2T AN
A/]OID & ,E>?'S MOON4

#H4 ,9 ORD] = ! SPACECRAFT TO PREV5T !
    A/]OID F COLLID+ ) ! MOON1 !
    SPACECRAFT WD _1MO/ _1LIKELY
  ,A4 H A SMALL] MASS ?AN ! MASS ( !
    A/]OID4
  ;,B4 H 5 =CE TO KNOCK ! A/]OID (F
    C\RSE4
  ;,C4 R$UCE XS SPE$ TO MAT* ! SPE$ ( !
    A/]OID4
  ;,D4 SP9 9 A =W>D DIREC;N TO ALT] !
    ORBIT ( ! A/]OID4






                                     #CA
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #EE
  ^7,"Q #I REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,EVID;E 9DICATES T "S A/]OIDS H MOONS
T >E HELD 9 ORBIT BY A GRAVITA;NAL
ATTRAC;N 2T ! MOON & ! A/]OID4

#I4 ,: TABLE CORRECTLY SEQU;ES ! A/]OIDS
    9 ORD] ( ! GRAVITA;NAL ATTRAC;N
    EX]T$ BY EA* A/]OID8
      @.<,EA* ( ! F\R ANSW] *OICES1
    ,A-;,D1 ON PAGES A#EE-B#EE IS A
    TABLE ) #E COLUMNS & #A R[ (
    9=MA;N4@.>











                                     #CB
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#EE
      @.<,KEY TO ! NEXT #D TABLES3

WG ,W1KE/ ,GRAVITA;NAL ,ATTRAC;N
SG ,/R;GE/ ,GRAVITA;NAL ,ATTRAC;N@.>

  ,A4

7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
WG      ;\O     ;\O   ;\O      SG
EUG5IA  GASPRA  JUNO  MA?ILDE  OTAW>A
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

  ;,B4

7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
WG      ;\O      ;\O   ;\O     SG
OTAW>A  MA?ILDE  JUNO  GASPRA  EUG5IA
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG





                                     #CC
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        B#EE
  ;,C4

7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
WG    ;\O     ;\O     ;\O     SG
JUNO  EUG5IA  GASPRA  OTAW>A  MA?ILDE
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

  ;,D4

7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
WG      ;\O     ;\O      ;\O     SG
OTAW>A  GASPRA  MA?ILDE  EUG5IA  JUNO
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG










                                     #CD
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #EF
  ^7,"Q #AJ HAS TWO "PS1 ,A & ;,B4
  ^7,"P ,A REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,DATA F ! /UD5TS' RESE>* 9DICAT$ T "S
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  ^1,"P ^2,A ,: A/]OID WD _1MO/ _1LIKELY
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  ,A4 ,ITOKAWA
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  ;,C4 DIAMET]1 : RESULTS 9 A /R;G
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  ;,D4 AM.T ( IRON1 : RESULTS 9 A /R;G
    MAGNETIC FIELD4                  #CE
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #EG
  ^7,"Q #AA REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
      @.<,! FIGURE ON ! NEXT PAGE %[S AN
    A/]OID LABEL$ ,GOLEVKA & XS ORBIT
    >.D ! SUN4 ,! ORBIT IS ELLIPTICAL1 &
    ,GOLEVKA IS %[N ON ! F> "R ( !
    ELLIPSE ) ! SUN J A %ORT 4T.E AWAY1
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    PO9TS AL;G ! ORBIT >E LABEL$ #A1 #B1
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    ELLIPSE4 ,PO9T #D IS AT ! "R "P ( !
    ELLIPSE A %ORT 4T.E ABV & TO ! LEFT
    ( ,GOLEVKA & ABV & TO ! "R ( ! SUN4
    ,A NOTE 9DICATES ! FIGURE IS N DRAWN
    TO SCALE4@.>





                                     #CF
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #EH
  ^7,"Q #AB REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,A/]OIDS ORBIT O!R A/]OIDS SIMIL>LY TO
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ID5TIFIES ! MASS ( ,E>? & ,JUPIT] & !
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      @.<,! FIGURE ON ! NEXT PAGE %[S A
    TABLE TITL$ 8,MASS ( ,CELE/IAL
    ,OBJECTS0 ) #C COLUMNS & #B R[S (
    DATA4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #A IS
    ,CELE/IAL ,OBJECT4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN
    #B IS ,MASS "<_% #10^24 _:
    KILOGRAMS">4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #C IS
    ,NUMB] ( ,MOONS4@.>










                                     #CH
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#EH

      ,,,MASS ( CELE/IAL OBJECTS,'
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
      @.<,KEY3

MK ,MASS "<_% #10^24 _: KILOGRAMS">@.>

,CELE/IAL
,OBJECT    MK        ,NUMB] ( ,MOONS
"33333333  "3333333  "33333333333333
_%                       
,EARTH ""  #5.97 ""  #1
,JUPITER   #1898.00  #67
_:
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
-------------------------------------#EI

#AB4 ,USE EVID;E TO EXPLA9 :Y "! IS A
  DI6];E 9 ! NUMB] ( MOONS 2T ,E>? &
  ,JUPIT]4
    ,9DICATE YR RESPONSE4


                                     #CI
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #FJ

,/OP4

  ,Y H COME TO ! 5D ( ,SEC;N #C ( ! TE/4
,REVIEW YR ANSW]S F ,SEC;N #C ONLY4


















                                     #DJ
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #FA

               ,SEC;N #D

    ,DIREC;NS = ,TE/-,TAK] & ,RECORD]3
  ,TD1 Y W TAKE ,SEC;N #D ( ! ,,MISA
,PRACTICE ,TE/4
  ,R1D EA* "Q4 ,!N1 FOLL[ ! DIREC;NS TO
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9DICATE YR ANSW] TO ! P]SON :O W RECORD
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ANSW] Z DIRECT$ BY YR TE/ ADM9I/RATOR4
,IF Y NE$ TO *ANGE AN ANSW]1 2 SURE TO
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  ,"S ( ! "QS W ASK Y TO COMPOSE A
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DIRECT$ BY YR TE/ ADM9I/RATOR4
  ,IF Y D N "K ! ANSW] TO A "Q1 Y MAY G
ON TO ! NEXT "Q4 ,IF Y F9I% E>LY1 Y MAY
REVIEW YR ANSW]S & ANY "QS Y DID N ANSW]
9 ? ,SEC;N ,,ONLY4 ,D N G TO ANY O!R
,SEC;N ( ! TE/4

                                     #DA
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #FB

    ,R1D ALL ( ! 9=MA;N4 ,USE ! 9=MA;N
  TO ANSW] ! "QS4
  ,:AT D ASPHALT1 H1T+ OIL1 & SC5T$
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IS EXTRACT$ F ! E>? & REF9$ 9TO V>I\S
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  ,A /UD5T /UDI$ ALT]NATIVE WAYS TO
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,! T1*] WORE GO7LES & FOLL[$ PROP] LAB
SAFETY PROC$URES :5 MAK+ ! SOAP4




                                     #DB
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#FB

             ,MAK+ ,SOAP F
             ,COCONUT ,OIL

    ,MAT]IALS
  _4 COCONUT OIL
  _4 CA/OR OIL
  _4 LYE "<SODIUM HYDROXIDE">
  _4 WAT]

    ,/EPS
#A4 ,MELT ! COCONUT OIL 9 A PAN4
#B4 ,ADD ! LYE TO ! WAT] & MIX TO
  4SOLVE4 ,! MIXTURE W 2COME W>M4 ,LET
  COOL TO ROOM TEMP]ATURE4
#C4 ,P\R ! CA/OR OIL & MELT$ COCONUT OIL
  9TO A L>GE POT4 ,LET ! MIXTURE COOL TO
  ROOM TEMP]ATURE4
#D4 ,SL[LY ADD ! LYE SOLU;N TO ! OILS &
  MIX !M TGR4 ,? COMB9$ SOLU;N W 2 W>M4
#E4 ,3T9UE MIX+ UNTIL ! SOLU;N HAS A ?9
  PUDD+-L 3SI/5CY4 ,? IS ! "T TO ADD
  COLOR & FRAGR.E "<SC5T"> IF Y DECIDE
  TO USE !M4                         #DC
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        B#FB
#F4 ,P\R ! MIXTURE 9TO 3TA9]S ) DI6]5T
  %APES = ! SOAP4
#G4 ,LET ! F9I%$ SOAP SOLIDIFY OV]NI<T4

-------------------------------------#FC
  ,! /UD5T M1SUR$ ! MASS ( ALL !
MAT]IALS US$ TO MAKE ! SOAP & RECORD$ !
M1SURE;TS 9 A TABLE4
      @.<,! FIGURE %[S A TABLE ) #B
    COLUMNS & #D R[S ( DATA4 ,! H1D+ (
    COLUMN #A IS ,MAT]IALS4 ,! H1D+ (
    COLUMN #B IS ,MASS "<;G">4@.>

7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,MAT]IALS      ,MASS "<;G">
"333333333333  "33333333333
,COCONUT ,OIL  #DJJ
,CA/OR ,OIL     #DJ
,LYE """"""""   #FJ
,WAT] """""""  #AEJ
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

  ,! F9AL MASS ( ! MIXTURE 0 #FEJ GRAMS4
                                     #DD
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #FE
#A4 ,: R1SON _1BE/ DESCRIBES ! SOCIETAL
    NE$ = SOAP MADE F MAT]IALS S* Z
    COCONUT OIL8
  ,A4 ,! NE$ = SODIUM HYDROXIDE W DECL9E
    9 DEM&4
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    W DECR1SE4
  ;,C4 ,M F>MS W 2 BUILT = SOAP
    MAT]IALS4
  ;,D4 ,M SOAP W 2 AVAILABLE AT /ORES4
#B4 ,! /UD5T DECID$ TO D M RESE>* ON !
    E6ECTS ( ! PRODUC;N & USE ( CRUDE
    OIL4 ,GA!R+ 9=MA;N F : ( ! FOLL[+
    S\RCES WD 2 _1MO/ RELIABLE8
  ,A4 AN ASPHALT MANUFACTUR] T USES
    CRUDE OIL REGUL>LY
  ;,B4 A PETROLEUM COMPANY T USES CRUDE
    OIL Z XS PRIM>Y RES\RCE
  ;,C4 A REPORT] F A NEWS \TLET :O %>ES
    9=MA;N ON LOCAL & GLOBAL NEWS
  ;,D4 A SCI5TI/ AT A UNIV]S;Y :O /UDIES
    ! E6ECTS ( RES\RCE USAGE ON !
    5VIRON;T
                                     #DH
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #FF
#C4 ,: /EP 9 ! PROC$URE C 2 US$ Z EVID;E
    TO SUPPORT ! CLAIM T *EMICAL REAC;NS
    C TURN NATURAL RES\RCES 9TO SYN!TIC
    MAT]IALS8
  ,A4 ,/EP #A
  ;,B4 ,/EP #E
  ;,C4 ,/EP #F
  ;,D4 ,/EP #G
#D4 ,H[ _M DI6]5T TYPES ( REACTANT
    MOLECULES >E US$ 9 ! *EMICAL REAC;N
    TO MAKE SOAP8
  ,A4 #B
  ;,B4 #D
  ;,C4 #E
  ;,D4 #H








                                     #DI
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #FG
#E4 ,: /ATE;T _1BE/ DESCRIBES ! TYPES (
    ATOMS 9 ! SOAP REAC;N8
  ,A4 ,ALL ( ! ATOMS H ! SAME MASS Z "O
    ANO!R4
  ;,B4 ,EA* ( ! ATOMS HAS A SPECIFIC
    MASS1 : IS ! SAME = ALL ATOMS ( T
    TYPE4
  ;,C4 ,EA* ( ! ATOMS APPE>S 9 E
    REACTANT MOLECULE 9 ! SOAP REAC;N4
  ;,D4 ,EA* ( ! ATOMS APPE>S 9 E PRODUCT
    MOLECULE 9 ! SOAP REAC;N4
-------------------------------------#FH
#F4 ,EXPLA9 H[ MASS IS 3S]V$ 9 ! *EMICAL
  REAC;N T =MS SOAP4
    ,9DICATE YR RESPONSE4








                                     #EJ
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #GA
  ,! /UD5TS WANT$ TO "U/& H[ !
AVAILABIL;Y ( RES\RCES A6ECTS POPULA;N
SIZE4 ,! /UD5TS US$ A COMPUT] SIMULA;N1
*ANG$ ! NUMB] ( F]RETS 9 A PRAIRIE
ECOSY/EM & OBS]V$ ! POPULA;N *ANGES =
?REE DI6]5T ANIMALS & "O PLANT4 ,!
SIMULA;N COLLECTS DATA E TWO YE>S4 ,!
/UD5TS /UDI$ AN EI<T-YE> P]IOD &
COMPLET$ ! FOLL[+ DATA TABLES4
-------------------------------------#GB
      @.<,! FIGURE ON ! NEXT PAGE IS
    TITL$ 8,9ITIAL ,F]RET ,POPULA;N #BJ0
    & %[S A TABLE ) #F COLUMNS & #D R[S
    ( DATA4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #A IS
    ,SPECIES4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #B IS
    ,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN
    #C IS ,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S4 ,! H1D+
    ( COLUMN #D IS ,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S4
    ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #E IS ,POPULA;N AF
    #F YE>S4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #F IS
    ,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S4@.>


                                     #EB
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#GB

     ,,,9ITIAL F]RET POPULA;N,' #BJ
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
      @.<,PR9T =MAT IS *ANG$4 ,R[ H1D+S
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    TABLE 5TRIES4@.>

    ,SPECIES3 ,GRASS "<KILOGRAMS">
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #DJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #BJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #EJJ
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #AJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #EJJJ

    ,SPECIES3 ,PRAIRIE ,DOGS
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #BEJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #CAJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #HJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #DJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #AAJJJ

                                     #EC
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        B#GB

    ,SPECIES3 ,F]RETS
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #BJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #BE
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #CE
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #AE
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #AE

    ,SPECIES3 ,FOXES
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #AJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #D
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #D
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #C
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #B
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

      @.<,! FIGURE ON ! NEXT PAGE IS
    TITL$ 8,9ITIAL ,F]RET ,POPULA;N #HJ0
    & %[S A TABLE ) #F COLUMNS & #D R[S
    ( DATA4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #A IS
    ,SPECIES4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #B IS
    ,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN
    #C IS ,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S4 ,! H1D+
    ( COLUMN #D IS ,POPULA;N AF #D   #ED
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        C#GB
    YE>S4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #E IS
    ,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S4 ,! H1D+ (
    COLUMN #F IS ,POPULA;N AF #H
    YE>S4@.>

     ,,,9ITIAL F]RET POPULA;N,' #HJ
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      @.<,PR9T =MAT IS *ANG$4 ,R[ H1D+S
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    TABLE 5TRIES4@.>

    ,SPECIES3 ,GRASS "<KILOGRAMS">
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #DJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #DJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #DJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #DJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #DJJJ




                                     #EE
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        D#GB

    ,SPECIES3 ,PRAIRIE ,DOGS
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #BEJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #BEJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #BEJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #BEJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #BEJJJ

    ,SPECIES3 ,F]RETS
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #HJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #HJ
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #HJ
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #HJ
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #HJ

    ,SPECIES3 ,FOXES
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #AJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #AJ
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #AJ
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #AJ
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #AJ
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

                                     #EF
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        E#GB
      @.<,! FIGURE IS TITL$ 8,9ITIAL
    ,F]RET ,POPULA;N #ADJ0 & %[S A TABLE
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    ,POPULA;N4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #C IS
    ,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S4 ,! H1D+ (
    COLUMN #D IS ,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S4
    ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #E IS ,POPULA;N AF
    #F YE>S4 ,! H1D+ ( COLUMN #F IS
    ,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S4@.>

    ,,,9ITIAL F]RET POPULA;N,' #ADJ
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
      @.<,PR9T =MAT IS *ANG$4 ,R[ H1D+S
    >E BLOCK$ 9 CELL #E2 COLUMN H1D+S
    2G9 9 CELL #A4 ,ALL H1D+S >E REP1T$
    = CL>;Y4 ,A COLON SEP>ATES H1D+S F
    TABLE 5TRIES4@.>




                                     #EG
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        F#GB

    ,SPECIES3 ,GRASS "<KILOGRAMS">
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #DJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #EAJJ
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #DIJJ
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #BHJJ
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #CIJJ

    ,SPECIES3 ,PRAIRIE ,DOGS
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #BEJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #BAJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #BHJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #BFJJJ
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #BBEJJ

    ,SPECIES3 ,F]RETS
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #ADJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #GE
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #GE
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #IJ
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #GE


                                     #EH
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        G#GB

    ,SPECIES3 ,FOXES
,9ITIAL ,POPULA;N3 #AJ
,POPULA;N AF #B YE>S3 #AA
,POPULA;N AF #D YE>S3 #AJ
,POPULA;N AF #F YE>S3 #AJ
,POPULA;N AF #H YE>S3 #AJ
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG















                                     #EI
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #GC
  ,! /UD5TS RESE>*$ O!R ANIMALS 9 !
PRAIRIE T >E N PR$ATORS ( PRAIRIE DOGS
TO 3SID] O!R TYPES ( 9T]AC;NS4 ,! /UD5TS
ORGANIZ$ ! RESE>* 9TO ! FOLL[+ DIAGRAM &
US$ X TO ID5TIFY ^! 9T]AC;NS Z
COMPETITIVE OR MUTUALLY B5EFICIAL TO !
PRAIRIE DOGS 9 ! PRAIRIE ECOSY/EM4

       ,,,SPECIES T H RELA;N%IPS
            ) PRAIRIE DOGS,'

    ,GRASSHOPP]
  _4 EAT ! %ORT] GRASS T ! PRAIRIE DOGS
    AL L
  _4 EAT5 BY BIRDS L BURR[+ [LS
  _4 REPRODUCE 9 L>GE NUMB]S
  _4 >E ACTIVE 9 W>M] MON?S_/9ACTIVE 9
    W9T] MON?S

    ,AM]ICAN ,BISON
  _4 EAT ! SAME TYPE ( GRASS Z ! PRAIRIE
    DOGS
  _4 EAT ! TALL] GRASS T HAS LESS
    NUTRI5TS ?AN ! %ORT] GRASS       #FJ
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#GC
  _4 F]TILIZE ! SOIL ) DUNG : HELPS
    GRASS GR[
  _4 ROLL 9 ! DIRT M.DS CR1T$ BY PRAIRIE
    DOGS DI7+ TUNNELS TO HELP KEEP BIT+
    FLIES AWAY
  _4 PRODUCE "O CALF EA* YE>
-------------------------------------#GD

    ,BURR[+ ,[L
  _4 LIVE "UGR.D 9 BURR[S T H BE5 DUG \
    & AB&ON$ BY PRAIRIE DOGS
  _4 EAT GRASSHOPP]S
  _4 PRODUCE ^1#C-#AB HAT*L+S A YE>
  _4 >E ACTIVE 9 ! "D"T1 UNLIKE O!R
    TYPES ( [LS
  _4 MAY COLLECT BISON DUNG >.D BURR[S
    :5 NE/+






                                     #FA
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #GE
  ^7,"Q #G REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,! PRAIRIE FOOD WEB ILLU/RATES
9T]AC;NS AM;G ORGANISMS T LIVE 9 !
PRAIRIE ECOSY/EM4

#G4 ,SELECT ! TABLE T CORRECTLY
    ID5TIFIES EA* ORGANISM 9 ! FOOD WEB
    Z A PRODUC] OR A 3SUM]4
      @.<,EA* ( ! F\R ANSW] *OICES1
    ,A-;,D1 ON PAGES A#GE-B#GE IS A
    TABLE ) #B COLUMNS4@.>












                                     #FB
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        A#GE
      @.<,TABLES = ALL F\R ANSW] *OICES
    >E *ANG$ TO A NE/$ LI/4@.>

  ,A4

7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,PRODUC]
  BIG BLUE/EM GRASS
,3SUM]
  ,AM]ICAN BISON
  BLACK-TAIL$ PRAIRIE DOG
  GOLD5 EAGLE
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

  ;,B4

7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,PRODUC]
  BIG BLUE/EM GRASS
  BLACK-TAIL$ PRAIRIE DOG
,3SUM]
  ,AM]ICAN BISON
  GOLD5 EAGLE
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG   #FC
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        B#GE
  ;,C4

7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,PRODUC]
  ,AM]ICAN BISON
  GOLD5 EAGLE
  BIG BLUE/EM GRASS
,3SUM]
  BLACK-TAIL$ PRAIRIE DOG
7777777777777777777777777777777777777777

  ;,D4

7777777777777777777777777777777777777777
,PRODUC]
  BIG BLUE/EM GRASS
  GOLD5 EAGLE
,3SUM]
  ,AM]ICAN BISON
  BLACK-TAIL$ PRAIRIE DOG
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG


                                     #FD
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #GF
  ^7,"Q #H REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,! PRAIRIE FOOD WEB DIAGRAM ILLU/RATES
9T]AC;NS AM;G ORGANISMS T LIVE 9 !
PRAIRIE ECOSY/EM4

#H4 ,: /ATE;T _1BE/ DESCRIBES ! S\RCES (
    5]GY = ! PRODUC]S & 3SUM]S 9 ! FOOD
    WEB8
  ,A4 ,3SUM]S & PRODUC]S BO? OBTA9 5]GY
    F DECOMPOS]S4
  ;,B4 ,3SUM]S GA9 5]GY F ! SUN1 :ILE
    PRODUC]S OBTA9 5]GY BY EAT+ O!R
    ORGANISMS4
  ;,C4 ,PRODUC]S OBTA9 5]GY F LIV+
    ORGANISMS1 :ILE 3SUM]S OBTA9 5]GY F
    ! NONLIV+ "PS ( ! ECOSY/EM4
  ;,D4 ,PRODUC]S USE ! SUN & NONLIV+ "PS
    ( ! ECOSY/EM TO G5]ATE 5]GY1 :ILE
    3SUM]S GA9 5]GY F O!R LIV+
    ORGANISMS4



                                     #FE
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #GG
  ^7,"Q #I REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,! PRAIRIE FOOD WEB DIAGRAM ILLU/RATES
9T]AC;NS AM;G ORGANISMS T LIVE 9 !
PRAIRIE ECOSY/EM4

#I4 ,! >R[S 9 ! FOOD WEB REPRES5T
  ,A4 ! MOVE;T ( "O ORGANISM 9TO !
    T]RITORY ( ANO!R ORGANISM4
  ;,B4 ! TRANSF] ( 5]GY F "O ORGANISM TO
    ANO!R4
  ;,C4 A P>ASITIC 9T]AC;N 2T TWO
    ORGANISMS4
  ;,D4 A G5ETIC SIMIL>;Y 2T TWO
    ORGANISMS4
-------------------------------------#GH
  ^7,"Q #AJ REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,! RESE>* /AT$ T ! PRAIRIE DOG & F]RET
9T]ACT ) "O ANO!R 9 ! PRAIRIE ECOSY/EM4





                                     #FF
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H        B#GI
  ^7,"Q #AA REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,! PRAIRIE ORGANISMS' 9T]AC;NS
ILLU/RATE ! 9T]AC;NS T O3UR AM;G ?REE
DI6]5T ORGANISMS & ! PRAIRIE DOG4

#AA4 ,! 9T]AC;N 2T ! PRAIRIE DOG & !
    GRASSHOPP] IS
  ,A4 COMPETITIVE 2C ! PRAIRIE DOG
    3SUMES ! SAME RES\RCES Z !
    GRASSHOPP]4
  ;,B4 P>ASITIC 2C ! PRAIRIE DOG HAS
    NUTRI5TS TAK5 F X BY ! GRASSHOPP]4
  ;,C4 MUTUALI/IC 2C ! PRAIRIE DOG RCVS
    RES\RCES F ! GRASSHOPP]4
  ;,D4 PR$ATORY 2C ! PRAIRIE DOG TRACKS
    & HUNTS ! GRASSHOPP]4







                                     #GB
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H     #HJ-#HA
  ^7,"Q #AB REF]S TO ! FOLL[+ 9=MA;N4^'
  ,! ?REE PRAIRIE FOOD WEB RES\RCES
ILLU/RATE ! 9T]AC;NS AM;G ORGANISMS 9 !
PRAIRIE ECOSY/EM4

#AB4 ,DESCRIBE H[ ! PRAIRIE DOG & BISON
  POPULA;NS W _1MO/ _1LIKELY *ANGE IF A
  SEV]E DR"\ 7 TO O3UR = A F\R-YE>
  P]IOD4 ,9 YR DESCRIP;N1 2 SURE TO
  9CLUDE

    _4 ! CAUSE ( ANY *ANGES TO !
      POPULA;NS
    _4 ! MOVE;T ( 5]GY )9 ! ECOSY/EM
    _4 ! 9T]AC;NS AM;G ! ORGANISMS

    ,9DICATE YR RESPONSE4






                                     #GC
            ,,MCAP ,SCI;E #H         #HB

,/OP4

  ,Y H COME TO ! 5D ( ,SEC;N #D ( ! TE/4
,REVIEW YR ANSW]S F ,SEC;N #D ONLY4


















                                     #GD